BMW 330D - BROCHRUE 2010 Bedienungsanleitung Seite 6

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modern diesel engine and a modern automatic gearbox is generally a delight, and
some of the best towcars around fall into this category.
7. FRONT, REAR OR FOUR WHEEL DRIVE?
Is a caravan best towed by a car with all wheels driven or whose driven wheels are at
the front or the rear? The majority of cars under 3 litres are front wheel drive (fwd),
although there are still rear wheel drive (rwd) types available, such as BMWs and
some Mercedes. It has been said that rwd is preferable because no amount of loading
and caravan noseweight can lift the driven wheels off the road. However most fwd
cars tow very competently providing
the car manufacturer's noseweight limit
and rear axle limits are observed, and
most experts would say they offer
significant advantages, due to
inherently safer handling
characteristics. Areas where fwd
performance can be compromised while
towing are on hill starts, or on wet
grass/mud, where it is not uncommon
for the front wheels to scrabble for grip.
However, the majority of more recent
cars likely to be chosen as towcars now have traction control systems which largely
address these problems.
For caravanning purposes, 4x4 vehicles can be divided into three main categories: the
true all-terrain vehicles (Range Rover, Discovery, Shogun, Trooper, Landcruiser etc),
the 'lifestyle' off roaders, which are lighter and smaller-engined (Suzuki Vitara,
Nissan X-Trail, Toyota RAV4, etc), and high-performance road going passenger cars
(Audi, Subaru etc).
Four wheel drive can either be selectable, just for slippery off-road moments, or
permanent, leading to enhanced acceleration and cornering due to improved traction.
Ever increasing sophistication of the control systems for such transmissions means
that many models now have multiple modes of operation, and variable degrees of
automatic selection of which wheels power is directed towards. These are one class
of vehicle where you really do need to spend some time reading the handbook, if you
want to get the best out of the car! Thankfully, though, the days of being confused
over which of the three gear sticks in your new off roader you need at any particular
time have largely disappeared, with most of the selection now being electronically
controlled.
Traction control is great, but there is
usually a button to turn it off. That is
because it operates by reducing engine
power to prevent wheelspin. But in
some circumstances (deep mud, or a
slippery hill start, perhaps), you need the
wheels to spin to let the engine rev high
enough to produce enough power to get
you moving.
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